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	<title>Raspberry Pi 3 &#8211; 编码无悔 /  Intent &amp; Focused</title>
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		<title>[原创] 树莓派3代Model B上手</title>
		<link>https://www.codelast.com/%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%9b-%e6%a0%91%e8%8e%93%e6%b4%be3%e4%bb%a3model-b%e4%b8%8a%e6%89%8b/</link>
					<comments>https://www.codelast.com/%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%9b-%e6%a0%91%e8%8e%93%e6%b4%be3%e4%bb%a3model-b%e4%b8%8a%e6%89%8b/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[learnhard]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Apr 2016 16:43:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Raspberry Pi/树莓派]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[原创]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mode B]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Raspberry Pi 3]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WiFi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[树莓派3]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.codelast.com/?p=8773</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>
最近入手了树莓派3代，从树莓派出世到现在（2016.04），总共买了共4片各型号的树莓派，算不上狂热的爱好者，但也算是个比较热心的用户了吧。<br />
在此记录一些树莓派3代的使用笔记。<br />
<span id="more-8773"></span></p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
	<a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" alt="Raspberry Pi 3 Model B" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/rpi_3_model_b.png" style="width: 400px; height: 650px;" /></a></div>
<p><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">『1』</span>ARMv8的Arch Linux系统？<br />
树莓派3代的CPU是ARMv8的64位CPU，但是在Arch Linux ARM的官方网站上，并没有for Raspberry Pi 3的ARMv8版本的OS下载，现在只能下载ARMv7 Raspberry Pi 2的OS来用。不用担心，以后面包会有的。<br />
<span style="color:#0000ff;">2017.2.24更新：再次到Arch Linux ARM官网看时，发现已经有了，开源社区实在太棒。</span><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color:#00ff00;">『1』</span>切换到 root 用户<br />
OpenSSH7默认已经禁止了root用户登录，因此，刚安装好的Arch Linux ARM是用alarm用户登录的。<br />
然而登录后，一堆操作（例如用pacman安装软件）都是需要root权限的，因此，需要切换到root再操作：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
su root
</pre>
<p>输入默认密码 root 即可。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color:#00ff00;">『2』</span>添加中科大的源<br />
按照<a href="https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/archlinuxarm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这个页面</span></a>的说明，在文件&#160;/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist 最上方添加一句：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo</p></blockquote>&#8230; <a href="https://www.codelast.com/%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%9b-%e6%a0%91%e8%8e%93%e6%b4%be3%e4%bb%a3model-b%e4%b8%8a%e6%89%8b/" class="read-more">Read More </a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
最近入手了树莓派3代，从树莓派出世到现在（2016.04），总共买了共4片各型号的树莓派，算不上狂热的爱好者，但也算是个比较热心的用户了吧。<br />
在此记录一些树莓派3代的使用笔记。<br />
<span id="more-8773"></span></p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
	<a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" alt="Raspberry Pi 3 Model B" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/rpi_3_model_b.png" style="width: 400px; height: 650px;" /></a></div>
<p><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">『1』</span>ARMv8的Arch Linux系统？<br />
树莓派3代的CPU是ARMv8的64位CPU，但是在Arch Linux ARM的官方网站上，并没有for Raspberry Pi 3的ARMv8版本的OS下载，现在只能下载ARMv7 Raspberry Pi 2的OS来用。不用担心，以后面包会有的。<br />
<span style="color:#0000ff;">2017.2.24更新：再次到Arch Linux ARM官网看时，发现已经有了，开源社区实在太棒。</span><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color:#00ff00;">『1』</span>切换到 root 用户<br />
OpenSSH7默认已经禁止了root用户登录，因此，刚安装好的Arch Linux ARM是用alarm用户登录的。<br />
然而登录后，一堆操作（例如用pacman安装软件）都是需要root权限的，因此，需要切换到root再操作：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
su root
</pre>
<p>输入默认密码 root 即可。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color:#00ff00;">『2』</span>添加中科大的源<br />
按照<a href="https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/archlinuxarm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这个页面</span></a>的说明，在文件&nbsp;/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist 最上方添加一句：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo</p>
</blockquote>
<p>即可。<br />
然后用 pacman -Syu 升级系统，你就会发现快了许多。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color:#00ff00;">『3』</span>使用树莓派3代的板载的WiFi<br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;">注：在本小节的最后有更新说明，请注意看。</span><br />
在Raspbian上把WiFi用起来实在是太轻松了（当然也有可能是我运气太好），只要用dd命令把Raspbian系统写到TF卡上，再插到树莓派3的卡槽里，上电，进Raspbian系统，WiFi就自然而然地可用了，完全不需要做任何配置！但是在Arch Linux ARM系统下，就没有那么爽了&mdash;&mdash;<br />
我以前在树莓派Model B+的Arch Linux系统里配置过USB WiFi，记录在<a href="http://www.codelast.com/?p=5393" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这篇文章</span></a>里。如果在树莓派3代上刚装好Arch Linux，就使用同样的方法去配置，会发现不能work。<br />
为了让它work，我们先要使用<a href="https://github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">rpi-update</span></a>这个第三方工具来更新树莓派的firmwre。<br />
以root用户执行：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
rpi-update
</pre>
<p>可能会提示：</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Raspberry Pi firmware updater by Hexxeh, enhanced by AndrewS and Dom</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Performing self-update</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Relaunching after update</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Raspberry Pi firmware updater by Hexxeh, enhanced by AndrewS and Dom</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;!!! This tool requires you have readelf installed, please install it first</div>
<div>
		&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;In Debian, try: sudo apt-get install binutils</div>
<div>
		&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;In Arch, try: pacman -S binutils</div>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
所以我们按它说的，先安装另一个package：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
pacman -S binutils
</pre>
<p>安装完之后，重新执行 rpi-update，遇到问你yes or no的地方都输入y即可，就会输出下面的一堆信息：</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Raspberry Pi firmware updater by Hexxeh, enhanced by AndrewS and Dom</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Performing self-update</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Relaunching after update</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Raspberry Pi firmware updater by Hexxeh, enhanced by AndrewS and Dom</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** We&#39;re running for the first time</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Backing up files (this will take a few minutes)</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Backing up firmware</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Backing up modules 4.1.20-3-ARCH</div>
<div>
		#############################################################</div>
<div>
		WARNING: This update bumps to rpi-4.4.y linux tree</div>
<div>
		Be aware there could be compatibility issues with some drivers</div>
<div>
		Discussion here:</div>
<div>
		https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=29&amp;t=144087</div>
<div>
		##############################################################</div>
<div>
		Would you like to proceed? (y/N)</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Downloading specific firmware revision (this will take a few minutes)</div>
<div>
		&nbsp; % Total &nbsp; &nbsp;% Received % Xferd &nbsp;Average Speed &nbsp; Time &nbsp; &nbsp;Time &nbsp; &nbsp; Time &nbsp;Current</div>
<div>
		&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Dload &nbsp;Upload &nbsp; Total &nbsp; Spent &nbsp; &nbsp;Left &nbsp;Speed</div>
<div>
		100 &nbsp; 168 &nbsp; &nbsp;0 &nbsp; 168 &nbsp; &nbsp;0 &nbsp; &nbsp; 0 &nbsp; &nbsp;111 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;0 --:--:-- &nbsp;0:00:01 --:--:-- &nbsp; 111</div>
<div>
		100 50.2M &nbsp;100 50.2M &nbsp; &nbsp;0 &nbsp; &nbsp; 0 &nbsp;45414 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;0 &nbsp;0:19:20 &nbsp;0:19:20 --:--:-- 73368</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Updating firmware</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Updating kernel modules</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** depmod 4.4.7+</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** depmod 4.4.7-v7+</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Updating VideoCore libraries</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Using HardFP libraries</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Updating SDK</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Running ldconfig</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Storing current firmware revision</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Deleting downloaded files</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** Syncing changes to disk</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** If no errors appeared, your firmware was successfully updated to 1e84c2891c1853a3628aed59c06de0315d13c4f1</div>
<div>
		&nbsp;*** A reboot is needed to activate the new firmware</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
	按它的提示，我们重启系统。<br />
	可能是我运气不好，重启没用，板载的WiFi依然起不来。甚至于，我用 iwconfig 命令都看不到 wlan0 设备。<br />
	于是用<span style="color:#0000ff;">dmesg</span>命令来查看一下问题（<span style="color:#b22222;">dmesg用于显示和控制内核环缓冲，可帮助用户了解系统的启动信息</span>），打印出的信息可谓是非常多，和WiFi模块相关的错误大概有下面几条（不是连在一起的）：</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
			brcmfmac: brcmf_sdio_drivestrengthinit: No SDIO Drive strength init done for chip 43430 rev 1 pmurev 24</div>
<div>
			brcmfmac_sdio mmc1:0001:1: Direct firmware load for brcm/brcmfmac43430-sdio.bin failed with error -2</div>
<div>
			brcmfmac: brcmf_sdio_htclk: HT Avail timeout (1000000): clkctl 0x50</div>
<div>
			brcmfmac: brcmf_sdio_htclk: HT Avail timeout (1000000): clkctl 0x50</div>
</blockquote>
<p>	所以这里打印出来的<span style="color:#0000ff;">brcmfmac</span>又是个什么鬼？它是用于支持基于Broadcom 802.11n芯片的WiFi设备的驱动程序的名字。<br />
	因此，我们从上面的信息，是不是能这样说：WiFi模块的驱动程序没找到？<br />
	事实上，我们并不能这样推断，因为有人在树莓派的论坛里反馈说，他们的WiFi可以完全正常使用，但dmesg还是打印出了上述信息。而我个人的实验也证实了这样的说法。<br />
	<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
	那么怎么办呢？树莓派论坛里有人给出了这样一种方案：<br />
	到<a href="https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/tree/master/brcm80211/brcm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这个Github链接</span></a>下载<span style="color:#006400;">brcmfmac43430-sdio.bin</span> 和 <span style="color:#006400;">brcmfmac43430-sdio.txt</span>这两个文件，放到系统的 <span style="color:#0000ff;">/lib/firmware/brcm/</span> 目录下&mdash;&mdash;事实上，我在下载之前查看了一下这个目录，里面确实没有这两个文件，这也是为什么我的Arch Linux ARM连iwconfig都找不到wlan0的原因了。</p>
<p>	按上面的方法做好之后，重启Arch，再安装命令行的类图形化工具dialog：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
pacman -S dialog
</pre>
<p>	启用wlan0：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
ifconfig wlan0 up
</pre>
<p>	再使用wifi-menu程序来连接WiFi：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
wifi-menu -o
</pre>
</div>
<p>这里假设在交互式设置的过程，你将WiFi的名字设置成了wlan0-NG，则下一步，就是将其设置成开机启动：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
netctl enable wlan0-NG
</pre>
<p>这将创建并启用一个随计算机启动而自动运行的 systemd 服务。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
再重启Arch试试？执行ifconfig，你会惊喜地发现WiFi连上了。<br />
另外，如果发现WiFi不稳定，可以试试把WiFi的电源管理关闭：</p>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
iwconfig wlan0 power off
</pre>
<p>然后把这行命令添加到启动执行。等驱动更新到更稳定的版本或许能解决WiFi稳定性问题。</p>
<p>2016-09更新：</p>
<ul>
<li>
		在一次Arch Linux ARM的系统更新中，提示错误&ldquo;/usr/lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43430-sdio.bin exists in filesystem&rdquo;并失败，这个提示已经存在的文件恰恰就是我放到&nbsp;/usr/lib/firmware/brcm 目录下的，因此，这似乎说明了Arch官方的更新已经支持了树莓派3上的WiFi模块，所以我立即把&nbsp;/usr/lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43430-sdio.bin 文件mv到其他备份目录下，再用pacman -Syu继续更新系统，但是更新完之后WiFi就不能用了，使用wifi-menu-o命令扫描不到我的路由器的WiFi网络。我相信这个问题是可以通过一些配置解决的，只不过我暂时还没有时间折腾。</li>
<li>
		（接上）后来我发现，用我的手机创建的WiFi热点（WPA加密模式）可以让树莓派扫描到，并且可以连上，所以，我现在判断是树莓派3的WiFi模块与我的路由器的WiFi加密方式不兼容&mdash;&mdash;但这不应该啊，百思不得其解。</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">『4』</span>解决系统更新后无法使用tmux的问题<br />
用 pacman -Syu 更新系统后，重启，再执行tmux，提示错误：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		tmux: need UTF-8 locale (LC_CTYPE) but have ANSI_X3.4-1968</p>
</blockquote>
<p>查了一下，找到<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Locale_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这个</span></a>Arch Linux的Wiki页面，解决方法就是：</p>
<ul>
<li>
		编辑 <span style="color:#0000ff;">/etc/locale.gen</span> 文件，取消这一行的注释：</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		执行以下命令生成Locale：</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
locale-gen
</pre>
<ul>
<li>
		执行以下命令设置整个系统的Locale：</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush:shell;first-line:1;pad-line-numbers:true;highlight:null;collapse:false;">
localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
</pre>
<p>之后再执行tmux命令，不再出错。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color:#00ff00;">『5』</span>用<span style="color:#0000ff;">pacman -Syu</span>升级时出现&ldquo;ca-certificates-utils: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt exists in filesystem&rdquo;错误的解决办法<br />
如果升级时出现以下错误：</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
		error: failed to commit transaction (conflicting files)</div>
<div>
		ca-certificates-utils: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt exists in filesystem</div>
<div>
		Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
	可以按<a href="https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=223895" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这个</span></a>链接的说法，用如下方法解决：</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
			pacman -Syuw</div>
<div>
			rm /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt</div>
<div>
			pacman -Su</div>
</blockquote>
<p>	其中第1条命令是只下载package，但不安装。<br />
	<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="http://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
	<span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">『6』</span>Raspbian系统默认禁用ssh连接，如何启用<br />
	有一个最最简单的办法，你用了之后一定不想去试其他的方法，那就是：把树莓派安装Rabpbian系统的TF卡拔下来，用USB适配器插到一台Ubuntu台式机上，打开其boot分区，在里面创建一个名为&ldquo;<span style="color:#ff0000;">ssh</span>&rdquo;的文件（不含引号，文件内容为空即可），然后再把TF卡插回树莓派，就会发现ssh已经神奇地启用了。<br />
	这个原理是：Raspbian启动时会在boot分区里找名为ssh的文件，如果找到了，就会启用ssh，并把该文件删除。</p>
<p>	<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
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