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	<title>Etcher &#8211; 编码无悔 /  Intent &amp; Focused</title>
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		<title>[原创] Ubuntu MATE 扶一把，我的树莓派3B还能打</title>
		<link>https://www.codelast.com/%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%9b-ubuntu-mate-%e6%89%b6%e4%b8%80%e6%8a%8a%ef%bc%8c%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%91%e8%8e%93%e6%b4%be3b%e8%bf%98%e8%83%bd%e6%89%93/</link>
					<comments>https://www.codelast.com/%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%9b-ubuntu-mate-%e6%89%b6%e4%b8%80%e6%8a%8a%ef%bc%8c%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%91%e8%8e%93%e6%b4%be3b%e8%bf%98%e8%83%bd%e6%89%93/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[learnhard]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Nov 2019 16:14:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Raspberry Pi/树莓派]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[原创]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Etcher]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Raspberry Pi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Raspbian Buster]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SD Card Formatter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu MATE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[树莓派]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.codelast.com/?p=11069</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>
要查看更多树莓派相关文章，请点击<a href="https://www.codelast.com/?p=5013" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这里</span></a>。</p>
<p>廉颇老矣，尚能饭否？<br />
周末在家写代码的时候，斜眼看见躺在我桌子上正在吃灰的<span style="color:#b22222;">树莓派3B</span>（V1.2），我突然想把它的系统更新一下。<br />
时至2019年11月，外面已经是<span style="color:#0000ff;">树莓派4代</span>(2019.06发布)的天下了，而3B这种老型号，最适合拿来做遥控车之类的儿童玩具了。<br />
<span id="more-11069"></span><br />
于是我立即下载了最新的官方推荐OS：<span style="color:#0000ff;">Raspbian Buster</span>(with desktop and recommended software)，搞起。然而刷Raspbian Buster之后是一个悲伤的故事&#8212;&#8212;多次尝试也不能boot；于是我接着换了<a href="https://ubuntu-mate.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">Ubuntu MATE</span></a>系统，用起来一切OK。<br />
下面就把这个过程简单地记录一下。</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="background-color:#00ff00;">▶▶</span></span>&#160;软件环境<br />
PC OS：<span style="color:#0000ff;">macOS Catalina(10.15.1)</span><br />
Raspberry Pi OS：<span style="color:#0000ff;">Ubuntu MATE 18.04.2</span><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">▶▶</span></span>&#160;格式化TF卡<br />
使用SD协会官方的SD卡格式化工具&#160;<a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">SD Card Formatter</span></a>&#160;来完成这个任务：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="sd card formatter" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/sd_card_formatter.png" style="width: 500px; height: 493px;" /><br />
这个软件实在太简单了，选&#8220;<span style="color:#0000ff;">Quick format</span>&#8221;之后点击&#8220;<span style="color:#0000ff;">format</span>&#8221;按钮执行即可，几秒就能完成格式化。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a>&#8230; <a href="https://www.codelast.com/%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%9b-ubuntu-mate-%e6%89%b6%e4%b8%80%e6%8a%8a%ef%bc%8c%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%91%e8%8e%93%e6%b4%be3b%e8%bf%98%e8%83%bd%e6%89%93/" class="read-more">Read More </a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
要查看更多树莓派相关文章，请点击<a href="https://www.codelast.com/?p=5013" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">这里</span></a>。</p>
<p>廉颇老矣，尚能饭否？<br />
周末在家写代码的时候，斜眼看见躺在我桌子上正在吃灰的<span style="color:#b22222;">树莓派3B</span>（V1.2），我突然想把它的系统更新一下。<br />
时至2019年11月，外面已经是<span style="color:#0000ff;">树莓派4代</span>(2019.06发布)的天下了，而3B这种老型号，最适合拿来做遥控车之类的儿童玩具了。<br />
<span id="more-11069"></span><br />
于是我立即下载了最新的官方推荐OS：<span style="color:#0000ff;">Raspbian Buster</span>(with desktop and recommended software)，搞起。然而刷Raspbian Buster之后是一个悲伤的故事&mdash;&mdash;多次尝试也不能boot；于是我接着换了<a href="https://ubuntu-mate.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">Ubuntu MATE</span></a>系统，用起来一切OK。<br />
下面就把这个过程简单地记录一下。</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="background-color:#00ff00;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span></span>&nbsp;软件环境<br />
PC OS：<span style="color:#0000ff;">macOS Catalina(10.15.1)</span><br />
Raspberry Pi OS：<span style="color:#0000ff;">Ubuntu MATE 18.04.2</span><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span></span>&nbsp;格式化TF卡<br />
使用SD协会官方的SD卡格式化工具&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">SD Card Formatter</span></a>&nbsp;来完成这个任务：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="sd card formatter" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/sd_card_formatter.png" style="width: 500px; height: 493px;" /><br />
这个软件实在太简单了，选&ldquo;<span style="color:#0000ff;">Quick format</span>&rdquo;之后点击&ldquo;<span style="color:#0000ff;">format</span>&rdquo;按钮执行即可，几秒就能完成格式化。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span></span>&nbsp;把Ubuntu MATE系统写到TF卡上<br />
先下载Ubuntu MATE的系统镜像文件(.img)，再使用开源软件<a href="https://www.balena.io/etcher/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="background-color:#ffa07a;">Etcher</span></a>把它烧写到TF卡里。<br />
下面的图是以烧写Raspbian Buster为例。<br />
<span style="background-color:#ffff00;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2714.png" alt="✔" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> 选择要烧写的 .img&nbsp;镜像文件：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="etcher" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/etcher_1.png" style="width: 700px; height: 417px;" /><br />
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2714.png" alt="✔" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span>&nbsp;点击&ldquo;Flash!&rdquo;按钮开烧写：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="etcher" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/etcher_2.png" style="width: 700px; height: 414px;" /><br />
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2714.png" alt="✔" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span>&nbsp;静待烧写完成：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="etcher" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/etcher_3.png" style="width: 700px; height: 417px;" /><br />
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2714.png" alt="✔" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span>&nbsp;烧写完成：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="etcher" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/etcher_4.png" style="width: 700px; height: 418px;" /><br />
这样就完成了。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
如果不想安装Etcher，非要用麻烦的命令行，不妨尝试一下：<br />
<span style="background-color:#00ffff;">☞</span>&nbsp;用 <span style="color:#0000ff;">diskutil list&nbsp;</span>命令找到TF卡的设备号，假设其为&nbsp;/dev/disk2<br />
<span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">☞</span>&nbsp;卸载TF卡：<span style="color:#0000ff;">diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2</span><br />
<span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">☞</span>&nbsp;用dd命令烧写系统镜像到TF卡中：<span style="color:#0000ff;">sudo dd if=2019-09-25-rpd-x86-buster.iso of=/dev/rdisk2 bs=4M</span></p>
<div>
	注意上面的命令中：</div>
<div>
	目标是 /dev/rdisk2 而不是 /dev/disk2，是因为各种文章都说加一个&ldquo;r&rdquo;可以加快速度，所以就加了。</div>
<div>
	bs=4M 这里，在MacOS下是大写的&ldquo;M&rdquo;而不是小写的&ldquo;m&rdquo;，但在Linux下是小写的m。</div>
<p><span style="color:#b22222;">正因为操作命令行需要人很清醒才不会犯错，因此还是强烈建议使用Etcher，不要用命令行来烧写系统到TF卡！</span><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span></span>&nbsp;安装Ubuntu MATE系统<br />
由于我烧写到TF卡的Raspbian Buster系统无法boot，并且重新烧写了几次都一样黑屏，因此我放弃了Raspbian，改为使用了Ubuntu MATE。Ubuntu MATE和Ubuntu Desktop的使用体验非常相似，经常使用Ubuntu Desktop的人会很习惯。<br />
把OS镜像烧写到TF卡上，并不代表OS就已经装好了，把TF卡插到树莓派上，通电之后才会真正开始安装过程。在这个过程中，你需要有外接屏幕辅助，由于树莓派是HDMI接口，如果家里有现成的台式机显示器的话，可以拿来一用；或者不太落伍的电视机也行（一般都有HDMI接口）；又或者你可以像我一样，自购树莓派的外挂LCD显示屏模块：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="lcd" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/lcd_screen_blue.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 525px;" /><br />
液晶背光亮起的状态：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="lcd" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/lcd_screen_back.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 525px;" /><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
把树莓派接上键盘和鼠标，开始像一台普通电脑一样安装Ubuntu MATE：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="raspberry pi install ubuntu mate" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/rpi_install_ubuntu_mate_1.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 446px;" /><br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
<img decoding="async" alt="raspberry pi install ubuntu mate" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/rpi_install_ubuntu_mate_2.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 441px;" /><br />
液晶屏的驱动板和树莓派用HDMI线连接：<br />
<img decoding="async" alt="raspberry pi install ubuntu mate" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/rpi_install_ubuntu_mate_3.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 525px;" /><br />
安装Ubuntu MATE的过程除了速度慢些，其他没有任何困难。</p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25b6.png" alt="▶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span></span>&nbsp;禁用/启用 GUI<br />
作为一个习惯在command line下工作的人，我难道会在乎用Ubuntu MATE的时候有没有图形界面吗？！<br />
我会！<img decoding="async" alt="cheeky" height="24" src="https://www.codelast.com/wp-content/plugins/ck-and-syntaxhighlighter/ckeditor/plugins/smiley/images/6.gif" title="cheeky" width="24" /><br />
但是对树莓派那弱弱的计算资源来说，GUI还是算了吧，毕竟主要还是拿它来玩GPIO的。<br />
所以怎么在Ubuntu MATE启动的时候禁用GUI呢？这样做：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target</p>
</blockquote>
<p>重新启用GUI：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这样树莓派的系统就万事俱备了。<br />
<span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章来源：</span><a href="https://www.codelast.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.codelast.com/</span></a><br />
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